ABSTRACT
Introducción: la onicomicosis es la infección del aparato ungueal causada por hongos dermatofitos, no dermatofitos o levaduras. Constituye una enfermedad frecuente en la práctica médica, con impacto considerable en lo emocional, social, laboral y económico. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas de la onicomicosis en pacientes que consultaron en un servicio dermatológico. Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de corte transverso, donde se analizaron fichas epidemiológicas de pacientes que acudieron al servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá y el Centro de Especialidades Dermatológicas en el periodo comprendido entre julio del 2016 a agosto del 2019. Resultados: se analizaron 464 pacientes con onicomicosis. El cultivo fue positivo en el 83 % (385/464) de los casos. Se observó preferentemente en mujeres 72 % (276/385), franja etaria entre los 31 y 65 años 70,1 % (270/385), de procedencia urbana 76 % (292/385) y actividad quehaceres domésticos 41 % (157/385). El 23 % (87/385) presentó una o más comorbilidades asociadas a la aparición de onicomicosis, siendo la diabetes en el 70 % (61/385) de éstas. La localización fue en uñas de pies en 58,2 % (259/ 400), uña de manos en 31,2 % (141/400) y en el 10,1 % (45/400) de los casos se observó onicomicosis en ambas localizaciones. Los géneros aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron Trichophyton y Candida, y las especies fueron T. rubrum y Candida parapsilosis. En las onicomicosis de uñas de los pies se aislaron dermatofitos en un 63,7 % (165/259), mientras que en uñas de las manos se aislaron Candida spp. en el 77,3 % (107/141). Conclusión: la onicomicosis produce una afectación que se observa mayoritariamente en pacientes adultos, generalmente mujeres que se dedican a los quehaceres domésticos, procedentes de áreas urbanas, con afectación principal de las uñas de los pies, siendo los agentes causales más frecuentes, T. rubrum y C. parapsilosis.
Introduction: onychomycosis is an infection of nails caused by dermatophyte fungi, not dermatophytes or yeasts. It constitutes a frequent disease in medical practice, with considerable emotional, social, labor and economic impact. Objective: to describe the epidemiological characteristics of onychomycosis in patients who attended in a dermatological service. Materials and Methods: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study, where epidemiological records of patients who attended the Dermatology service of the Itauguá National Hospital and the Dermatological Specialties Center in the period from july 2016 to august 2019 were analyzed. Results: 464 patients with onychomycosis were analyzed. The culture was positive in 83 % (385/464) of the cases. It was mainly observed in women 72 % (276/385), age group was between 31 and 65 years 70.1 % (270/385), of urban areas 76 % (292/385) their activities were house as and household chores activity 41 % (157 / 385). 23 % (87/385) presented one or more comorbidities associated with onychomycosis, with diabetes in 70 % (61/385) of these. The location was in toenails in 58.2 % (259/400), fingernail in 31.2 % (141/400) and in 10.1 % (45/400) of the cases onychomycosis were observed in Both locations. The most frequently isolated genera were Trichophyton and Candida, and the species were T. rubrum and Candida parapsilosis. In the onychomycosis of the toenails, dermatophytes were isolated in 63.7 % (165/259), while in the fingernails, Candida spp. in 77.3 % (107/141). Conclusion: onychomycosis produces an affectation that is mostly adult patients, usually women who are engaged in household activities, from urban areas, the main involvement were toenails, being the most frequent agent isolated were, T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis.
ABSTRACT
Alternaria is a common saprophyte that is not usually pathogenic in humans. Alternarial onychomycosis is very rare and it is difficult to make a diagnosis of onycholycosis by moulds. In Korean literature, clinical findings of onychomycosis by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. were reported. But clinical finding of alternarial onychomycosis has not been reported. We report a probable case of alternarial onychomycosis in a 67-year-old Korean farmer. Some of the infected nails showed paronychia, onychia, loss of nail plate, black discoloration of proximal part of the nail plate and proximal nail folds. And some of them showed combined findings of proximal subungual onychomycosis and distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. Repeated microscopic findings showing typical macroconidia and brownish hyphae of Alternaria were observed on three consecutive KOH smears with one-week interval. But cultures were not successful. Extraction of nail plates with oral antifungal and antibiotic treatment was only partially effective.